Allometry of axis length, diameter, and taper in the devil's walking stick (Aralia spinosa; Araliaceae)

The allometry of axis length, diameter, and taper is described for the trunk, rachis, and rachilla of nonbranching ramets of Aralia spinosa. Significant log-linear relationships were found between length and diameter for all axis categories, and in all cases, scaling was negatively allometric. Linear models best described the relationship between length and diameter for the rachis and rachilla, while a quadratic model best described this relationship for the trunk. During the trunk-building stage, the safety factors for trunk height were size dependent, with larger trunks exceeding their predicted critical buckling height. Taper was described by a linear relationship between diameter and position along the axis for all axis categories. All rachises and rachillas sampled exhibited taper along the length of the axis, however, only 51% of the trunks showed continuous taper. The trunk was less tapered than the rachis, but no differences in taper were found between the trunk and the rachilla, or the rachis and the rachilla. In unbranched ramets the large bipinnately compound leaves occupy the space normally occupied by lateral branches. We suggest that the rachis and rachilla are functionally equivalent to branches, that is, acting as axes of exploration and exploitation of the environment.     

长白楤木根、茎、叶水溶性多糖的纯化及组成分析

长白楤木是一种具有药用价值的植物。本实验用热水浸提、醇析、Severge法除蛋白,水相透析得到粗多糖。粗多糖经过DEAE-纤维素柱层析洗脱,再经SephadexG-200葡聚糖凝胶柱层析后,得到4种纯多糖,命名为根(gNaCl)茎(JH2O)茎(JNaCl)叶(YNaCl)。红外光谱和其完全水解的高效液相色谱分析表明,4种多糖不含硫酸基团和乙酰基,具备β-糖苷键以及糖类特征吸收峰。其中,根的NaCl洗脱多糖组分为D-半乳糖醛酸、D-果糖、D-葡萄糖,茎的水洗脱液多糖组分为D-甘露糖、D-葡萄糖,茎的NaCl洗脱多糖组分D-葡萄糖、D-半乳糖,叶的洗脱多糖组分为D-半乳糖醛酸和D-山梨糖。     

Water extracts ofAralia elata root bark enhances migration and matrix metalloproteinases secretion in porcine coronary artery endothelial cells

Aralia elata is an edible mountain vegetable. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a process involving migration, proliferation and cell differentiation, as well as the formation of new capillary structures. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) plays an important role in angiogenesis. The development of a functional vascular system requires a variety of growth factors, their receptors, and intracellular signals. This study examines the effects of water extracts from: (i)A. elata root bark (Aralia extracts); (ii) a combination of Aralia extracts and fibroblast growth factors (FGF-2) on cultured porcine coronary artery endothelial cells (PCAECs). Aralia extracts induced the migration of PCAECs, which was inhibited by MMPs inhibitors. Combining Aralia extracts and FGF-2 enhanced the migration and the secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 from PCAECs. We postulated that the Aralia extracts, which induced migrating activity in PCAECs, may be accomplished by increased secretion levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9.     

江西黄毛楤木氨基酸及微量元素的测定分析

用氨基酸分析仪、原子吸收分光光度计,对江西黄毛楤木中的营养成份进行分析研究。分别测定黄毛楤木根皮中氨基酸及微量元素含量。结果显示黄毛楤木根皮中含有16种氨基酸,总量为4.57mg·g-1,人体必需的8种氨基酸齐全,质量分数为1.71mg·g-1,占氨基酸总量的37.33％;含有多种人体必需的微量元素和宏量元素,尤其是zn,cu,K,Mg含量较其它种楤木要高。江西黄毛楤木富含氨基酸、微量元素,营养成分丰富,作为一种营养、保健、医药资源大有开发利用价值。     

湖南参属的归并及亚洲楤木属(五加科)的一个新种和一些名称的变更

分子与形态证据表明湖南参 (HunaniopanaxhypoglaucusC .J.Qi&T .R .Cao)起源于木属 (AraliaL .) ,湖南参的近缘种为寄生五叶参 (Araliaparasitica)和轮伞五叶参 (Araliaverticillata) ,形态证据支持湖南参为轮伞五叶参的姐妹种 ,此 2种具轮伞花序这一共衍征。为了保证木属的单系性 ,现将湖南参并入木属 ,并作如下新组合 :Araliahypoglauca (C .J .Qi&T .R .Cao)J.Wen&Y .F .Deng .本文报道了湖南参在广西的新分布。目前的形态学和分子数据均不支持早先提出的湖南参与树参属 (Dendropanax)的近缘关系。本文亦报道了木属的 1新种、 2新种组合和 1个新名称 :AraliashangianaJ .Wen .sp .nov .(向氏五叶参 ,新种 ) ;Araliaglabrifoliolata (C .B .Shang)J .Wen .comb .nov . (光叶五叶参 ,新组合 ) ;Araliastellata (King)J.Wen ,comb .nov . (星毛羽叶参 ,新组合 )和AraliadelavayiJ .Wen .nom .nov .(云南五叶参 ,新名称 )。     

Isolation of Lectins by Affinity Chromatography with Porcine Plasma Proteins Immobilized on Agarose

To develop a convenient method to isolate lectins, we prepared an affinity gel by coupling plasma proteins with agarose beads under conditions where the pH did not exceed 7.5. The validity of the use of this affinity gel in combination with elution using a hapten saccharide was confirmed by isolation of concanavalin A from Jack bean meal. Successful application of the method was demonstrated by isolation of two novel vegetable lectins from udo (Aralia cordate) and wasabi (Wasabia japonica). The method would be useful to isolate new lectins from various sources including plant and animal tissues.     

辽东楤木的开发利用与苗木繁育

辽东楤木(Aralla elatea)是集绿化、观赏、药用、木本蔬菜于一体的多功能性树种,又是我国稀有的刺生植物,有较重要的开发利用前景和栽培价值。从其形态特征、生物学特性、利用价值及苗木培育进行了论述和技术介绍。     

Effects of variation in inflorescence size and floral rewards on the visitation rates of traplining pollinators ofAralia hispida

Summary In field experiments withAralia hispida inflorescences, the following variables were manipulated: number of umbels per inflorescence, number of flowers per umbel, and amounts of pollen and nectar per flower. Visitation rates by bumble bees, the principal pollinators, were then observed. In the reward-variation experiments, bees appeared to learn the positions of nectar-rich shoots, and visited them significantly more often than nectar-poor shoots. They did not respond to similar variation in pollen production. The nectar preferences developed slowly after the treatments were imposed, and bees continued to favor sites that had been occupied by nectar-rich shoots even after the treatments were discontinued. Visitation rate was approximately proportional to flower number, making it unlikely that increases in inflorescence size produced a disproportionate gain in male reproductive success (a necessary condition in certain models for the evolution of dioecy). For a fixed number of flowers per inflorescence, bees preferred inflorescences with more umbels. In pairwise choice tests of male-phase and female-phase umbels of various sizes, bees preferred male-phase umbels and larger umbels; the preference for male-phase umbels is stronger in bees that had previously fed on male-phase umbels.